In a remarkable feat of aerospace engineering, China has successfully brought two of its spacecraft together in high Earth orbit as part of a critical refueling demonstration mission. According to reports from a space situational awareness company, the Shijian-21 and Shijian-25 satellites have been maneuvering towards each other in a geosynchronous orbit, positioned approximately 22,236 miles (35,786 kilometers) above the equator.
On June 14, 2023, the two satellites appeared to have their first brief encounter, as observed through ground-based tracking systems. The optical tracking data from the space situational awareness firm, s2a systems, revealed that the Shijian-21 and Shijian-25 were at times indistinguishable from one another, indicating a very close approach. This close proximity suggests that the satellites may have conducted a test-run for docking and undocking, essential components in the development of on-orbit refueling technology.
Further tracking by s2a systems indicated that the two satellites made multiple close approaches on both June 13 and June 14. This testing is a pivotal aspect of China’s efforts to demonstrate on-orbit refueling and extend mission capabilities, ultimately aiming to enhance the sustainability of space operations. The successful execution of these tests could pave the way for more advanced satellite servicing technologies.
The Shijian-25 satellite was launched in January 2023 specifically to showcase on-orbit refueling and satellite servicing capabilities. Meanwhile, the Shijian-21, which was launched in 2021, previously demonstrated its capabilities by towing a defunct satellite out of geosynchronous orbit and into a higher, designated graveyard orbit. Both spacecraft are products of China's state-owned Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology (SAST).
In a notable development, the U.S. surveillance satellites, USA 270 and USA 271, were observed nearby, positioned to the east and west of the Chinese spacecraft. Their presence suggests that they were likely monitoring the activities of the Shijian satellites, highlighting the strategic interest in China's advancements in space technology.
As China continues to push boundaries in space exploration, the successful demonstration of spacecraft refueling capabilities could significantly impact future missions and the sustainability of space operations. The implications of this technology extend beyond mere functionality; they represent a step towards more autonomous and resilient space missions.
