As President Donald Trump prepares to sign an executive order that designates English as the official language of the United States, activists and advocacy groups are expressing serious concerns about the implications this move will have on non-English speakers. The executive order, announced on Friday, will empower government agencies and organizations receiving federal funding to decide whether to continue providing documents and services in languages other than English. This policy shift effectively rescinds a mandate established by former President Bill Clinton, which required federal entities to offer language assistance to those who do not speak English.
The White House claims that designating English as the national language promotes unity and enhances the efficiency of government operations while creating pathways for civic engagement. However, many activists argue that this initiative serves to stoke division and fear among diverse communities. Vanessa Cárdenas, executive director of America’s Voice—an advocacy group focused on immigration reform—stated in an email, “This isn’t just an offensive gesture that sticks a thumb in the eye of millions of U.S. citizens who speak other languages, but also will directly harm those who have previously relied on language assistance for vital information.”
According to the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, an official language is one that the government uses for conducting day-to-day business. The designation of one or more official languages can significantly shape a nation’s character and the cultural identity of its residents. However, prioritizing a single language can inadvertently place certain individuals in positions of power while excluding others whose languages are not recognized.
U.S. English, an organization advocating for the establishment of English as the official language, argues that having an official language fosters a common means of communication, encourages immigrants to learn English, and supports a “much-needed common sense language policy.” According to data from the U.S. Census Bureau, over 350 languages are spoken in the United States, with Spanish, Chinese, Tagalog, Vietnamese, and Arabic being the most prevalent after English.
Anabel Mendoza, communications director for United We Dream, a nonprofit immigrant advocacy organization, warns that limiting the language of federal communication could complicate the citizenship process for many individuals who rely on their native tongues. Currently, individuals meeting certain age and residency criteria can request waivers to take the citizenship test and interview in their native languages. Mendoza emphasized, “Trump is trying to send the message that if you’re not white, rich, and speak English, you don’t belong here. Let me be clear: Immigrants are here to stay. No matter how hard Trump tries, he can’t erase us.”
The Congressional Hispanic Caucus has announced that New York Rep. Adriano Espaillat, caucus chair, will deliver the official Spanish-language response to Trump’s upcoming joint address to Congress. George Carrillo, co-founder and CEO of the Hispanic Construction Council, expressed concern that this executive order undermines the country’s commitment to diversity. He stated, “This executive order, while framed as promoting unity, risks dismantling critical supports like ESL programs and multilingual resources that help immigrants adapt and contribute.”
APIAVote, a nonpartisan nonprofit dedicated to registering Asian American and Pacific Islander voters, has voiced apprehension that this executive order could create barriers for millions of voters, including naturalized citizens and elderly residents who are not proficient in English. The organization pointed out, “It will make it harder for them to participate civically and vote, as well as access critical healthcare, economic, and education resources.” They further warned that this policy could make anyone who speaks another language a target, fueling xenophobia and discrimination during a time when anti-Asian hate and hostility against minority groups are on the rise.
Over 30 states, including California and New Hampshire, as well as the U.S. Virgin Islands, have already enacted laws designating English as their official language. Hawaii stands out as the only state with two official languages: English and Hawaiian. For decades, lawmakers in Congress have attempted to pass legislation establishing English as the official language, but these efforts have largely failed. The most recent attempt occurred in 2023, when Senators Kevin Cramer and JD Vance introduced the English Language Unity Act.
Globally, more than 170 countries have designated official languages, with some nations recognizing multiple languages. While Mexico does not have an official language, Canada recognizes both English and French as official languages. According to Canada’s Official Languages Act of 1969, the purpose of designating two languages is to ensure “the equality of status” while protecting the rights of linguistic minorities.
As this executive order takes shape, the discourse around language, identity, and the implications for non-English speakers continues to evolve. The conversation highlights the importance of understanding the impact of language policies on diverse communities across the United States.
