A fresh burst of solar wind is predicted to enhance aurora activity just in time for Valentine's Day. If conditions align, the stunning northern lights could be visible as far south as northern Michigan and Maine in the coming days.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has forecasted G1 (minor) geomagnetic storm conditions on the evening of Thursday, February 13, with high activity expected throughout Friday, February 14. This is due to a fast-moving solar wind stream making its way towards Earth.
This upcoming geomagnetic storm is driven by a high-speed solar wind stream originating from a coronal hole—a vast region in the sun's atmosphere where solar wind escapes more easily. Solar wind speeds have been elevated throughout the week, ranging from 311 to 373 miles per second (500 to 600 kilometers per second). These conditions previously sparked G1 storm conditions on February 9. Another wave of speedy solar wind is anticipated to arrive between February 12 and February 13, potentially setting the stage for G1 storm conditions on February 14.
When the solar wind reaches Earth's magnetic field, it brings a stream of charged particles that interact with our atmosphere. These interactions energize atmospheric gases, causing them to glow and produce the mesmerizing aurora borealis in the Northern Hemisphere. Faster, denser solar wind can further enhance these displays, intensifying their brightness and activity. The stronger the geomagnetic storm, the farther south the auroras can be seen.
The best chances for aurora sightings will be at high latitudes, including Canada, Alaska, and parts of the northern U.S. If geomagnetic activity is sufficiently strong, skywatchers in northern Michigan and Maine may get a special Valentine's Day light show. The optimal viewing conditions require clear, dark skies away from city lights.
Space weather is unpredictable, so keeping an eye on real-time forecasts is essential. One app I use is My Aurora Forecast & Alerts, available for both iOS and Android. However, any similar app should work well. I also use the Space Weather Live app, available on iOS and Android, to gain a deeper understanding of whether current space weather conditions are favorable for aurora sightings.
While there are no guarantees, this geomagnetic storm could offer an unforgettable Valentine's Day experience under the dancing auroras. Keep your eyes on the sky!
