In 2023, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has confirmed nearly 400 cases of measles in the United States. This alarming trend includes one reported death attributed to measles, with another case currently under investigation. As the number of cases continues to rise, healthcare experts emphasize that the most effective way to protect yourself and your family against measles is to get vaccinated.
The measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) consists of two doses that provide long-term immunity against measles. While the majority of individuals in the United States received their vaccinations during childhood, a measles vaccine booster may be advisable for certain adults. Experts recommend consulting healthcare professionals to evaluate vaccination history and the need for additional doses.
As of March 21, the CDC has reported measles cases in 17 states, including:
Alaska California Florida Georgia Kansas Kentucky Maryland Michigan New Jersey New Mexico New York Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Texas Vermont WashingtonThe necessity for a measles vaccine booster largely depends on factors such as your birth year, vaccination records, and any plans for international travel. Individuals born before 1957 are generally assumed to have been exposed to measles during childhood, as noted by Margot Savoy, a senior vice president at the American Academy of Family Physicians.
For adults vaccinated between 1963 and 1967, a less effective version of the measles vaccine may have been administered, according to Adam Ratner, director of pediatric infectious diseases at New York University. If you are unsure about the version of the vaccine you received, the CDC suggests getting an additional dose.
People born between 1968 and 1989 may have only received one dose of the measles vaccine. The CDC states that while one dose is typically sufficient for most adults, two doses are recommended for those planning to travel internationally or during local outbreaks.
While receiving two doses of the measles vaccine is highly effective, vaccine-induced immunity can diminish over time, although this is rare. Ratner explains that “primary vaccine failure” can occur when an individual does not respond adequately to the vaccine, highlighting the importance of the second dose for children to ensure they develop sufficient antibodies.
For those uncertain about their immunity status, laboratory tests are available to measure antibody levels against measles. However, Savoy cautions that such tests may not be covered by insurance and only provide an approximate assessment of risk if exposed to the virus.
Many adults may find it challenging to recall their childhood vaccinations, especially since medical records can be difficult to locate. Daniel Salmon, a professor of international health at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, indicates that the fragmented healthcare system complicates access to personal vaccination records.
If you are unsure about your vaccination status, begin by contacting your healthcare provider to ask if they have your immunization records. Additionally, reaching out to your state’s health department can be helpful, as many states and major cities maintain vaccine registries.
For individuals who cannot locate their vaccination records, it’s advisable to consult parents or caregivers for any documentation from childhood. Past healthcare providers may also have records available. Employers, especially in the military, and educational institutions may keep vaccination records as well.
Sampathkumar suggests maintaining a personal vaccination record, stating, “When you receive a vaccine, take note of it in your phone.” She also recommends downloading and saving any accessible records online through your healthcare provider.
In situations where no records can be found, individuals can opt for a blood test to check for antibodies against specific viral infections. Sampathkumar also notes that getting another vaccine dose is generally safe and can provide peace of mind if you are uncertain about your vaccination history.
As measles cases continue to rise in the United States, staying informed about your vaccination status and understanding the importance of the MMR vaccine is crucial. Consult with healthcare professionals regarding the necessity of booster shots and take proactive steps to verify your immunization records.
