For decades, Pokémon has captivated audiences by blending fantastical elements with settings inspired by real-world locations. The franchise began its journey through the expansive landscapes of Japan, introducing players to various regions that reflect the country's diverse geography and culture. From the bustling cities in Red and Blue, set in a fictionalized Greater Tokyo, to the serene temples of Kansai in Gold and Silver, each generation of Pokémon games has offered an immersive experience tied closely to Japan's rich heritage.
As the series evolved, it expanded its horizons beyond Japan. Black and White transported players to the vibrant streets of New York, while X and Y whisked us away to the romantic allure of Paris. The tropical landscapes of Hawaii in Sun and Moon and the unique mirror-world of the United Kingdom in Sword and Shield showcased Pokémon’s ability to connect players with a variety of cultures. The recent Pokémon Legends series brought us back to these beloved locations, enhancing them with updated graphics and innovative gameplay mechanics.
One of the most notable entries in the series, Pokémon Legends: Arceus, took players back to Hokkaido, portraying the region in the late 1800s. This game's unique premise involves a time-traveling journey initiated by a mysterious space-time vortex, allowing players to experience a reimagined version of historical Japan. Within this setting, the design elements reflect traditional Japanese aesthetics, from hand-carved Poké Balls to battle menus reminiscent of calligraphic art. Regional Pokémon designs also pay homage to Japanese culture, with characters like the Hisuian Decidueye drawing inspiration from wandering Ronin and Samurott adorned with samurai helmets.
While Pokémon Legends: Arceus immerses players in a charming representation of Hokkaido, it also addresses the darker aspects of its history during the colonization of the region. The game features a bustling frontier town that mirrors the historical Hokkaido Development Office, highlighting the complex relationship between settlers and the Indigenous Ainu people. This portrayal invites players to reflect on the real-life consequences of colonization, including the displacement of the Ainu and the erasure of their cultural identity.
The Ainu historically relied on hunting, gathering, and fishing to sustain their way of life, which was deeply intertwined with the natural environment. However, the goals of the real-life Kaitakushi, or "development commission," were not about exploration but rather the systematic displacement of Ainu communities to convert their lands into farmland. As players navigate the wilds of Hisui, they engage with a narrative that, while fictional, is rooted in a history marked by colonial expansion and cultural assimilation.
The game's depiction of the Ainu offers a blend of empowerment and problematic tropes. While the Diamond and Pearl clans are portrayed as guardians of nature and skilled Pokémon trainers, the narrative does not fully grapple with the realities of their historical experiences. This raises important questions about the role of video games in addressing sensitive historical topics, especially when the protagonist is depicted as part of a colonial mission.
In discussing the intricacies of representation in Pokémon Legends: Arceus, conversations with historians like Dr. John Hennessey illuminate the complexities of portraying Indigenous cultures in media. Dr. Hennessey advocates for increased positive representation, as seen in other media like the popular manga series Golden Kamuy, which effectively showcases Ainu culture through informed storytelling. However, concerns remain regarding the game's portrayal of the historical context surrounding colonization and the resulting ecological devastation.
Ultimately, Pokémon Legends: Arceus serves as both a playful exploration of a beloved franchise and a reminder of the need for thoughtful representation of Indigenous histories. While the game successfully highlights Ainu culture, it also underscores the importance of recognizing the painful realities of colonization. Engaging with these issues can foster greater awareness and understanding, not only within Japan but globally, as we navigate the complexities of history and culture in our shared spaces.
As Pokémon continues to evolve, it remains crucial for game developers to find a balance between entertainment and cultural sensitivity. By thoughtfully engaging with historical narratives, the franchise can contribute to a broader dialogue about representation, identity, and the implications of colonization. As players embark on these adventures, they are invited not only to catch Pokémon but also to reflect on the stories and histories that shape the worlds they explore.
